Handgun

A handgun is a firearm designed to be fired from the hand, typically held with one or both hands. Handguns are contrasted with longer firearms such as rifles and shotguns. They are generally categorized into revolvers and semi-automatic pistols, though other types exist, including derringers and compact pocket pistols.

Revolvers store cartridges in a rotating cylinder that aligns a chamber with the barrel for each shot. Semi-automatic pistols use a detachable magazine and a sliding breech mechanism; firing a shot typically ejects the spent cartridge and chambers a new one with each trigger pull, though design details vary by model. Other types, such as derringers, offer different form factors and mechanisms but share the basic function of a handheld firearm.

Common components include the frame or grip, the barrel, the trigger mechanism, and the ammunition chambering system. Caliber refers to the diameter of the bore and cartridge, with popular handgun calibers including 9 mm and .45 ACP among others. Sights, safety features, and grip materials vary widely by design. Materials commonly used range from steel and aluminum to high-strength polymers.

Operation and usage vary by type. In a revolver, the trigger rotates the cylinder to align a loaded chamber with the barrel. In a semi-automatic pistol, the trigger releases a hammer or striker to fire, and the action autonomously ejects the spent cartridge and chambers a new one with each cycle. Handguns are used in military, law enforcement, sport shooting, and for self-defense in some jurisdictions.

Regulation and safety practices vary by country and region. Safe handling emphasizes treating every handgun as loaded, keeping the finger off the trigger until ready to shoot, and secure storage when not in use.