Halmazállapotváltozás

Halmazállapotváltozás refers to the physical process where a substance transitions from one state of matter to another. The most common states are solid, liquid, and gas, though plasma is also recognized. These changes occur when energy is added or removed from the substance, typically in the form of heat.

The primary types of halmazállapotváltozás include melting, where a solid turns into a liquid upon heating; freezing, where a liquid becomes a solid when cooled. Boiling or vaporization is the transition from a liquid to a gas, also occurring with added heat. Condensation is the reverse process, where a gas turns into a liquid as it cools.

Sublimation is a less common change where a solid directly transforms into a gas without passing through the liquid phase, and deposition is its opposite, where a gas directly becomes a solid. These transitions happen at specific temperatures and pressures, known as melting points, freezing points, and boiling points. For example, water melts at 0 degrees Celsius and boils at 100 degrees Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure. Understanding halmazállapotváltozás is fundamental to comprehending the behavior of matter in various physical and chemical processes.