Halduses

Halduses is a term encountered in some anthropological and sociological writings to denote the household as a distinct social-economic unit within a kin-based economy. The term is not universally standardized; its precise definition varies by author, but halduse generally refers to the domestic unit that coordinates residence, income, consumption, and labor among related individuals.

Etymology and background: Halduses does not have a single accepted etymology. In some accounts it is presented as a regional variant of the word for house or household, while in others it is treated as a theoretical construct used to compare household organization across cultures.

Structure and governance: A halduse typically comprises core members such as parents and their dependent children, and may include extended relatives through kinship ties. Governance is typically informal, concentrated in a household head, but arrangements vary and may include female-led or consensus-based decision-making in some cases.

Functions and economy: The halduse functions as a production and consumption unit, coordinating labor, resource allocation, inheritance, and risk-sharing. In agrarian settings, halduse size and composition often relate to landholding and labor availability; in urban contexts, the unit may reflect rental arrangements, wage work, and support networks.

Variation and critique: The concept is used mainly in theoretical discussions and ethnographic literature. Critics argue that conflating family, household, and kin group risks erasing important distinctions; some scholars emphasize that formal governance and economic relations can span beyond the domestic unit.

See also: Household, Family, Domestic economy, Kinship.