Halbbrückenkonfigurationen

Halbbrückenkonverter, also known as half-bridge converters, are a fundamental type of DC-to-DC or DC-to-AC power electronic converter. They utilize two semiconductor switches, typically insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or MOSFETs, arranged in a half-bridge configuration. These switches are connected in series between the positive and negative rails of a DC input voltage. A central tap between the switches provides the output.

The operation of a half-bridge converter relies on the controlled switching of the two transistors. By switching them on and off in a complementary manner, with a dead time to prevent shoot-through, a pulsed voltage is generated at the output node. This pulsed voltage can then be filtered and shaped, often using inductors and capacitors, to produce the desired output voltage waveform. In DC-to-DC applications, this filtered output is a regulated DC voltage. For DC-to-AC conversion (inverters), the pulsed waveform is further processed or modulated to create an AC output.

Half-bridge converters are widely employed in various applications due to their relative simplicity and efficiency. They are commonly found in switched-mode power supplies, motor drives, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and solar inverters. Their advantages include a lower component count compared to full-bridge converters, though they typically produce a lower output voltage for a given input voltage compared to their full-bridge counterparts. The output voltage of a half-bridge converter can be controlled by adjusting the duty cycle of the switching signals.