HSK

HSK, short for Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì, is the standardized test of Chinese language proficiency for non-native speakers. It is administered by the Center for Language Education and Cooperation, an organization affiliated with the Chinese government (formerly known as Hanban). The HSK comprises six levels (HSK 1 through HSK 6) that assess increasing levels of listening and reading ability, with writing included in levels 4–6. A separate oral exam, HSKK, evaluates speaking proficiency across three levels.

Purpose and use: The HSK is used by Chinese universities and employers as a measure of Chinese language ability. It is also used in scholarship applications and for job eligibility. The test is offered at authorized test centers worldwide, and a computer-based option called HSK Online has expanded access in many regions.

Format: Levels 1–3 test listening and reading; Levels 4–6 add a writing component. HSKK tests speaking and is taken separately. Results are reported as a level along with a numeric score; certificates are issued for each completed level and are generally valid indefinitely.

History and development: Since its inception, the HSK has undergone revisions to align with contemporary language use and pedagogy. The current six-level structure was introduced in the last decade, with ongoing updates to official vocabulary lists and testing formats. The introduction of HSK Online has increased availability.

Preparation and recognition: The test is supported by official study materials, including level-specific vocabulary lists and practice tests. It is widely recognized by Chinese educational institutions and employers as evidence of language ability, though requirements vary by program or organization.