HPVinfektsiooni

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common viral infection caused by the human papillomavirus, a group of more than 200 related viruses. HPV is transmitted through sexual contact, and most infections are asymptomatic. However, certain high-risk types of HPV, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, can lead to serious health issues, including cervical cancer, anal cancer, and other types of cancer.

HPV infections are typically acquired during adolescence or early adulthood, and the risk of infection increases with the number of sexual partners. Vaccines are available to prevent infection with high-risk HPV types, and regular screening for cervical cancer is recommended for women aged 25 to 65.

Symptoms of HPV infection can vary widely and may include genital warts, which are small, rough growths that can appear on the genitals or anus. Other symptoms may include unusual vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or pain during sexual intercourse. In some cases, HPV infection can lead to chronic inflammation of the cervix, known as cervical dysplasia, which can progress to cervical cancer if left untreated.

Treatment for HPV infection depends on the specific type and severity of the infection. For genital warts, topical medications or surgical removal may be used. For cervical dysplasia, treatment options may include observation, cryotherapy, or surgical removal of the affected tissue. In cases of cervical cancer, treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Prevention of HPV infection is the best way to avoid the associated health risks. Vaccination is the most effective method of prevention, and safe sexual practices, including the use of condoms, can also help reduce the risk of infection. Regular screening and early detection of cervical cancer are crucial for effective treatment and improved outcomes.