HPVinfeksjoner

HPVinfeksjoner refer to infections caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a very common group of viruses, with over 200 related types. Many HPV infections are asymptomatic and clear up on their own without causing problems. However, some types of HPV can cause warts, including genital warts. Other types, known as high-risk HPV, can lead to certain cancers.

The virus is primarily spread through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. It can also be transmitted through non-penetrative genital contact. Condoms can reduce the risk of transmission, but they do not offer complete protection because HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom.

Most people who are sexually active will contract HPV at some point in their lives. The immune system typically clears the infection within two years. However, persistent infections with high-risk HPV types can lead to cellular changes. Over many years, these changes can develop into cancer, most commonly cervical cancer, but also vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers.

Vaccination is available to protect against the most common and high-risk types of HPV. These vaccines are recommended for adolescents before they become sexually active. Regular screening for cervical cancer, such as Pap tests and HPV tests, is crucial for early detection of precancerous changes caused by HPV. Treatment options are available for warts, and precancerous changes or cancers can be treated depending on the stage of development.