HPVPräventionsmaßnahmen

HPV prevention encompasses strategies to reduce infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and the diseases it can cause. HPV is a common sexually transmitted virus. Most infections are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously, but persistent infection with high‑risk HPV types can lead to cervical cancer and other anogenital or oropharyngeal cancers, while other types can cause genital warts.

Vaccination is central to HPV prevention. Current vaccines (notably the 9‑valent vaccine) protect against several high‑risk HPV types as well as types that cause most genital warts. Vaccination is most effective when given before the onset of sexual activity, typically recommended for preteens around ages 11–12, with catch‑up vaccination possible for older adolescents and young adults depending on guidelines. Vaccines are generally well tolerated, with common effects including soreness at the injection site and mild fever; serious adverse events are rare.

Screening for cervical cancer complements vaccination. Regular cervical screening using Pap tests and/or HPV DNA testing detects precancerous changes, allowing timely treatment and reducing cancer risk. Screening recommendations vary by country and age, but ongoing participation is advised even among vaccinated individuals, as vaccines do not protect against all cancer‑related HPV types.

Additional preventive measures include safer sex practices (condoms reduce but do not completely prevent HPV transmission), avoiding smoking, and maintaining routine follow‑up on sexual and reproductive health. Global HPV prevention efforts focus on increasing vaccine coverage, improving access to screening, and reducing disparities in underserved populations.