HOCH2CO2H

HOCH2CO2H is the chemical formula for glycolic acid, also known as hydroxyacetic acid. It is the simplest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). Structurally, it features a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group (-COOH). Glycolic acid is a colorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and polar organic solvents.

Naturally occurring in sugarcane and grapes, glycolic acid is widely used in the cosmetics and skincare industry as an exfoliant. Its small molecular size allows it to penetrate the skin effectively, helping to break down the bonds between dead skin cells. This process promotes cell turnover, leading to smoother, brighter skin. It is also used in hair care products and as a chemical intermediate in various industrial processes, including textile dyeing and leather tanning.

The acidity of glycolic acid is attributed to the carboxyl group. It is a relatively weak acid compared to mineral acids. Its properties make it a versatile compound with applications ranging from personal care to industrial manufacturing.