HIVssä

HIVssä refers to the human immunodeficiency virus. It is a lentivirus that infects human immune cells, primarily CD4 T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The virus is transmitted through specific bodily fluids, including blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Common modes of transmission include unprotected sexual contact, sharing of contaminated needles or syringes, and mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

Once inside the body, HIV attacks and destroys CD4 T cells, which are crucial for a healthy immune system. As the number of CD4 cells declines, the body becomes increasingly vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. Without treatment, HIV infection can progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS is characterized by a severely damaged immune system and the presence of one or more opportunistic illnesses.

There is no cure for HIV, but effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) can control the virus, allowing individuals to live long, healthy lives. ART involves taking a combination of HIV medicines daily. With consistent treatment, the amount of HIV in the blood can become undetectable, meaning the virus cannot be transmitted sexually to others. Prevention methods include safe sex practices, such as consistent condom use, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and not sharing needles. Regular HIV testing is also important for early detection and treatment.