Hüsterosalpingograafia

Hüsterosalpingograafia, often abbreviated as HSG, is a specialized X-ray imaging procedure used to examine the uterus and fallopian tubes. It is primarily performed to investigate infertility and recurrent miscarriages. The procedure involves the introduction of a contrast dye into the uterine cavity, which then flows through the fallopian tubes. As the dye fills these structures, a series of X-ray images are taken, allowing a radiologist to visualize their shape, size, and patency.

The diagnostic information obtained from HSG is crucial. It can identify abnormalities within the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital malformations. More importantly, it assesses the patency of the fallopian tubes, determining if there are any blockages that could prevent a fertilized egg from reaching the uterus or sperm from reaching the egg. Blockages in the fallopian tubes are a common cause of infertility.

The procedure is typically performed by a gynecologist or a radiologist. Before the examination, the patient may be given a mild sedative or pain reliever to minimize discomfort. The procedure itself involves inserting a speculum into the vagina, similar to a Pap smear, and then a thin catheter is guided through the cervix into the uterus. The contrast dye is injected through this catheter. Patients may experience some cramping or discomfort during and after the procedure, which usually subsides within a few hours. While generally safe, there is a small risk of infection or allergic reaction to the contrast dye.