Höyrysteriloida

Höyrysteriloida is a Finnish term that translates to "steam sterilization" in English. It is a process used to eliminate microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, from medical equipment, laboratory instruments, and other materials. This method relies on the heat and moisture of saturated steam under pressure to kill all forms of microbial life.

The principle behind steam sterilization is that high temperatures denature essential proteins and enzymes within microorganisms, rendering them inactive and unable to reproduce. Typically, this process is carried out in a device called an autoclave. Autoclaves generate steam and maintain it at specific temperature and pressure conditions for a defined period. Common sterilization cycles involve temperatures of 121°C (250°F) or 134°C (273°F) at corresponding pressures for a duration that can range from a few minutes to over an hour, depending on the type of load and the sterilization parameters.

Steam sterilization is widely favored in healthcare settings due to its effectiveness, speed, relatively low cost, and environmental friendliness, as it does not use toxic chemicals. It is suitable for sterilizing a broad range of heat-stable materials, including surgical instruments, glassware, porous loads like dressings, and some plastics. However, it is not appropriate for heat-sensitive or moisture-sensitive items. The efficacy of steam sterilization is confirmed through biological and chemical indicators that monitor the conditions during the process.