Höyrydesinfioinnissa

Höyrydesinfiointi, known in English as steam sterilization or autoclaving, is a widely used method for sterilizing medical equipment and other materials that can withstand heat and moisture. The process involves using saturated steam under pressure to kill microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. The elevated temperature and pressure allow the steam to penetrate materials effectively, denaturing essential proteins and enzymes within microbial cells, rendering them non-viable.

Typically, steam sterilization is performed in an autoclave, a specialized pressure chamber. The cycle usually includes a conditioning phase where air is removed and replaced with steam, an exposure phase where the material is held at a specific temperature for a set duration (e.g., 121°C or 134°C for several minutes), and a drying phase where the steam is removed and the load is dried. The effectiveness of the process is monitored through physical indicators, chemical indicators, and biological indicators to ensure complete sterilization.

This method is favored for its efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. It is also considered an environmentally friendly option as it primarily uses water and does not require harsh chemicals. Common applications include the sterilization of surgical instruments, laboratory glassware, media, and porous materials. However, it is not suitable for heat-sensitive or moisture-sensitive items, such as certain plastics or electronic components, which require alternative sterilization methods like ethylene oxide or radiation.