Gázosítási

Gázosítási refers to the process of gasification, a thermochemical conversion process that transforms carbonaceous materials such as coal, biomass, and plastic into a synthesis gas (syngas) or a producer gas. Syngas is primarily a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N2). This conversion typically occurs at high temperatures (above 700 °C) in a controlled environment with a limited supply of oxygen or steam.

The gasification process involves several key stages. First, drying removes moisture from the feedstock. Then, pyrolysis occurs as the feedstock is heated in the absence of oxygen, breaking down complex organic molecules into volatile gases, char, and ash. Following this, the char reacts with the gasifying agent (oxygen, steam, or air) in the combustion and gasification zones to produce syngas. The syngas then undergoes further reactions, such as the water-gas shift reaction, to adjust its composition.

The resulting syngas is a versatile fuel and a valuable chemical feedstock. It can be combusted directly to generate heat and electricity, or it can be used to produce a wide range of chemicals, including methanol, ammonia, and synthetic fuels, through processes like the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Gasification offers an alternative to traditional combustion, potentially leading to more efficient energy conversion and reduced emissions of pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, especially when coupled with advanced downstream processing. It is also seen as a method for waste-to-energy conversion and for producing hydrogen.