Gyumri

Gyumri is the second-largest city in Armenia and the administrative center of Shirak Province. It lies in the northwest of the country along the Akhuryan River, about 120 kilometers from Yerevan. The city sits at roughly 1,400 to 1,500 meters above sea level and serves as a regional cultural and economic hub.

Historically, the settlement developed through the 19th century when it was known as Alexandropol under the Russian Empire and later as Leninakan during the Soviet era. It adopted its current name, Gyumri, in 1990 after Armenia gained independence. The 1988 Spitak earthquake caused extensive damage to Gyumri and surrounding areas, triggering large-scale reconstruction and migration.

Gyumri is home to the Kumayri Historic District, a focal point for heritage and tourism with a concentration of 19th-century wooden houses and churches. The city also hosts cultural institutions such as the Gyumri History Museum and the Aslamazyan Sisters Gallery, contributing to its reputation as a center of Armenian culture. Religious life centers on the Armenian Apostolic Church, with several active churches in the city.

The economy has shifted since the Soviet period, transitioning from heavy industry toward textiles, light manufacturing, food processing, and services. Gyumri serves as a transportation hub in the Shirak plain, connected by road and rail to Yerevan, and served by Shirak Airport, which provides domestic and limited international flights.

Education and research are supported by facilities such as Shirak State University and various colleges and vocational programs. Gyumri continues to balance preservation of its historic architecture with efforts to promote contemporary culture and economic development.