Gutom

Gutom, in the Filipino language, translates to hunger in English. It is a basic physiological sensation indicating the need for food. The feeling of hunger is a complex process involving hormones, nerve signals, and the brain. When the body requires energy, the stomach empties, and blood sugar levels drop, triggering hunger signals.

These signals are transmitted from the stomach and intestines to the brain, specifically to the hypothalamus, which is responsible for regulating appetite. Hormones such as ghrelin, often called the "hunger hormone," are released when the stomach is empty, further stimulating the urge to eat. Conversely, hormones like leptin, released by fat cells, signal satiety or fullness to the brain.

The experience of hunger can vary in intensity and manifestation. It can range from a mild, gnawing sensation to an intense, urgent craving. Factors such as emotional state, social context, and learned behaviors can also influence how and when people feel and respond to hunger. In a broader sense, "gutom" can also refer to a state of deprivation or scarcity, particularly in reference to food insecurity. This usage highlights the critical role of food for survival and well-being.