GuillainBarrésjúkdómur

GuillainBarrésjúkdómur is an autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy nerve cells, specifically the myelin sheath that insulates the nerves. This damage disrupts the ability of nerves to transmit signals from the brain to the muscles, leading to weakness and sensory changes.

The exact cause of GuillainBarrésjúkdómur is not fully understood, but it often follows an infection, such as a viral or bacterial illness. Common triggers include respiratory infections like the flu or gastrointestinal infections. In some cases, vaccinations have also been associated with a very small increased risk.

Symptoms typically begin with tingling or weakness in the extremities, which can progress rapidly. This can include difficulty walking, muscle pain, and coordination problems. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis, affecting breathing muscles, which may require mechanical ventilation. The onset and progression of symptoms can vary greatly among individuals.

Diagnosis usually involves a neurological examination, nerve conduction studies, and spinal fluid analysis. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the body's recovery. Plasmapheresis, a process that removes antibodies from the blood, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy are common treatments aimed at reducing the immune system's attack on the nerves. Physical therapy is crucial for regaining strength and function. Most individuals recover from GuillainBarrésjúkdómur, though the recovery period can be long and some may experience residual weakness or fatigue.