Granulomákat

Granulomákat are localized collections of inflammatory cells, primarily macrophages, that form in response to persistent stimuli. These stimuli can be diverse, including infections (like tuberculosis or fungal infections), foreign bodies (such as splinters or surgical implants), or autoimmune conditions (like sarcoidosis or Crohn's disease). The formation of a granuloma is a defense mechanism where the body attempts to wall off and contain the offending agent.

The cellular composition of a granuloma typically includes macrophages, which transform into epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells, formed by the fusion of macrophages. Lymphocytes, particularly T cells, are also frequently present and play a role in orchestrating the immune response. In some cases, the center of the granuloma may undergo necrosis, a process known as caseous necrosis, particularly in infectious granulomas like tuberculosis.

The clinical presentation of granulomákat depends on their location and the underlying cause. They can manifest as palpable nodules or masses in various organs, including the skin, lungs, lymph nodes, liver, and digestive tract. Symptoms may range from asymptomatic findings to more significant issues related to organ dysfunction. Diagnosis often involves imaging studies and tissue biopsy, where the characteristic granulomatous inflammation can be identified under a microscope. Treatment strategies are directed at the underlying cause of the granuloma formation.