Granulocitar

Granulocitar is a term referring to cells that contain granules in their cytoplasm. In the context of human biology and medicine, it most commonly refers to granulocytes, a type of white blood cell. Granulocytes are a key component of the innate immune system, playing a crucial role in defending the body against infections, particularly bacterial and fungal pathogens. They are produced in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells.

There are three main types of granulocytes, distinguished by the staining characteristics of their granules and their specific functions. Neutrophils are the most abundant type and are the first responders to sites of infection or inflammation, where they engulf and destroy microorganisms through phagocytosis. Eosinophils are involved in combating parasitic infections and also play a role in allergic reactions. Basophils are the least common type and release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, contributing to allergic responses and inflammation.

The presence and count of granulocytes in the blood are important indicators of health. An elevated number of granulocytes, known as granulocytosis, can suggest an ongoing infection, inflammation, or certain types of cancer. Conversely, a low count, termed granulocytopenia or neutropenia (specifically for neutrophils), can impair the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Medical professionals utilize granulocyte counts as part of routine blood tests and in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions.