Grafiitilla

Grafiitilla is the Finnish term referring to graphite, a natural form of the element carbon. Graphite occurs in nature in various geological settings and is well known for its layered crystal structure, which gives each layer strong covalent bonds and weak interlayer interactions. The material has the chemical formula C and exists in several grades, including flake, amorphous, and lump graphite.

Properties of grafiitilla include a soft, gray to black appearance and a distinctive greasy feel on the hands. It has a low hardness on the Mohs scale (about 1–2), excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and intrinsic lubricity due to its layered structure. Graphite is chemically relatively inert but can be etched by strong oxidizers at high temperatures. It is insoluble in water and many common solvents.

Occurrence and production involve both natural and synthetic routes. Naturally occurring grafiitilla is found in metamorphic rocks as veins or flakes and is mined in countries such as China, India, Canada, Madagascar, and Brazil. It is processed into various concentrates for industrial use. Synthetic graphite is produced by processing petrochemical feedstocks, such as petroleum coke, at very high temperatures to improve purity and tailor properties for specific applications.

Applications are wide-ranging. Grafiitilla is used in pencil leads, lubricants, and refractory materials. It serves as electrodes in batteries and electrochemical cells, including some lithium-ion battery components, and historically in nuclear reactors as a moderator. It is also used in composites, conductive coatings, and as a precursor to graphene.

Safety and environmental considerations involve dust control during mining and handling, potential respiratory hazards, and the energy intensity of synthetic graphite production. Responsible sourcing, recycling, and advances in alternative carbon materials influence market dynamics and sustainability.

See also: Graphite, Graphene, Lithium-ion battery technology.