Grafene

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice structure. It is a two-dimensional material with exceptional properties. Discovered in 2004 by physicists Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, graphene quickly gained attention for its remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics.

Electronically, graphene is a semimetal with an unusual band structure, leading to very high electron mobility. This means electrons can travel through it extremely quickly, making it a promising material for high-speed electronics and transistors. It is also highly conductive, both electrically and thermally.

Mechanically, graphene is incredibly strong yet flexible. It is one of the strongest materials ever tested, several hundred times stronger than steel. Its flexibility allows it to be bent and stretched without breaking.

Due to these unique properties, graphene has potential applications in a wide range of fields. These include advanced electronics, high-performance composites, energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors, sensors, and even biomedical applications. Research and development are ongoing to overcome challenges in mass production and integration into existing technologies.