Graafikutüübid

Graafikutüübid refers to the various categories and classifications of graphs used in mathematics and computer science. Graphs are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relationships between objects. These objects are represented by vertices, and the relationships are represented by edges. The type of graph depends on the properties of its vertices and edges.

One common classification is based on the presence or absence of direction in the edges. A directed graph, or digraph, has edges with a specific direction, indicating a one-way relationship. An undirected graph, on the other hand, has edges that represent a two-way relationship, without any specific direction.

Another classification relates to the presence of loops (edges connecting a vertex to itself) and multiple edges between the same pair of vertices. A simple graph is one that contains no loops and no more than one edge between any two vertices. If multiple edges are allowed, it is called a multigraph. If loops are also permitted, it might be referred to as a pseudograph.

Graphs can also be categorized by their connectivity. A connected graph is one where there is a path between any two vertices. If a graph is not connected, it consists of several disjoint components. Complete graphs are those in which every pair of distinct vertices is connected by a unique edge.

Other types include bipartite graphs, where vertices can be divided into two disjoint sets such that every edge connects a vertex in one set to a vertex in the other set, and planar graphs, which can be drawn on a plane without any edges crossing. The choice of graph type depends heavily on the nature of the problem being modeled.