Golgiapparátus

The golgiapparátus, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi body, is a vital organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is part of the endomembrane system and plays a crucial role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Structurally, the golgiapparátus consists of a stack of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. These cisternae are arranged in a polarized manner, with a cis face (receiving side) that faces the endoplasmic reticulum and a trans face (shipping side) that faces the plasma membrane. Vesicles bud off from the endoplasmic reticulum and fuse with the cis face of the Golgi. As the proteins and lipids move through the cisternae, they undergo various modifications, such as glycosylation and proteolytic cleavage.

Once processed, the molecules are packaged into new vesicles that bud off from the trans face. These vesicles then transport their contents to their final destinations, which can include secretion outside the cell, insertion into the plasma membrane, or delivery to lysosomes or other intracellular compartments. The golgiapparátus is essential for cellular function, involved in processes like hormone production, enzyme synthesis, and the formation of the cell wall in plants.