Golgiaparaati

Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex or Golgi body, is a vital organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It is part of the endomembrane system and plays a crucial role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

The Golgi apparatus is typically composed of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae, which are stacked together like pancakes. These cisternae are organized into distinct regions: the cis face, which receives vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum, and the trans face, which dispatches vesicles to their final destinations. Enzymes within the Golgi cisternae carry out various modifications, such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, to proteins and lipids.

These modifications are essential for protein folding, stability, and function. After processing, the Golgi packages the modified molecules into vesicles that bud off from the trans face. These vesicles then transport their cargo to various locations, including the plasma membrane for secretion out of the cell, lysosomes for degradation, or other organelles within the cell. The Golgi apparatus is therefore central to cellular communication and the maintenance of cellular structure and function. Its discovery is attributed to Italian physician Camillo Golgi in 1898.