Glycerolamines

Glycerolamines are a class of organic compounds derived from glycerol in which one or more hydroxyl groups are converted to amine functionalities, yielding mono-, di-, or tri-substituted derivatives on the glycerol backbone. They are sometimes called aminoglycerols. The principal types are amino alcohols in which the glycerol skeleton bears one or more amino groups; these compounds may be primary, secondary, or tertiary amines depending on substitutions.

Production: Industrial production of glycerolamines typically starts from glycerol derivatives such as glycidol or glycidyl ethers, which undergo amination with ammonia or primary/secondary amines, under catalytic or high-pressure conditions. Alternative routes include ammonolysis of chlorohydrins formed from glycerol or related dehydration/hydration sequences that introduce amino functionality.

Properties: Glycerolamines are highly polar, generally water-soluble, and can act as sterically hindered bases. They exhibit multiple hydrogen-bonding capabilities due to both amine and hydroxyl groups.

Applications: They are used as intermediates in the manufacture of surfactants, emulsifiers, and hydrophilic polymer modifiers; in polyurethane and epoxy resin formulations; and as building blocks for pharmaceutical and cosmetic ingredients. Some derivatives function as chelating agents or corrosion inhibitors.

Safety and handling: Glycerolamines may be corrosive and can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Proper protective equipment and ventilation are advised; handle away from oxidizers and heat sources.

See also: glycerol, amino alcohols, glycidol derivatives, surfactants.