Gluteeniproteiinien

Gluteeniproteiinien, more commonly known as gluten, is a complex mixture of proteins found in wheat, barley, rye, and their derivatives. It is responsible for the elastic and viscous properties of dough, which allows baked goods to rise and retain their shape. Gluten is composed primarily of two protein groups: gliadins and glutenins. When water is added to flour, these proteins hydrate and interact, forming a network that traps gas produced by yeast during fermentation.

The presence of gluten is essential for the texture and structure of many common foods, including bread, pasta, cakes, and pastries. For individuals with celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity, the consumption of gluten can trigger adverse immune responses and gastrointestinal symptoms. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder where ingesting gluten leads to damage of the small intestine. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity involves similar symptoms but without the autoimmune reaction or intestinal damage characteristic of celiac disease.

The study of gluten proteins is significant in food science and nutrition. Researchers investigate its structural properties to improve baking quality and its immunological effects to better understand and manage gluten-related disorders. Dietary management for these conditions involves strictly avoiding gluten-containing grains, leading to the development and increasing availability of gluten-free alternatives in the food market. Alternative grains such as rice, corn, oats (if certified gluten-free), quinoa, and buckwheat do not contain gluten.