Glomospores

Glomospores are a type of fungal spore characterized by their large size and typically spherical or subspherical shape. They are often found in the soil and are produced by certain groups of fungi, particularly within the Glomeromycotina. These spores are a critical component of the life cycle of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which form symbiotic relationships with the roots of most terrestrial plants.

The formation of glomospores is a key stage in the asexual reproduction of AMF. They are typically produced terminally on specialized hyphae called sporophores. Inside the glomospore, a single, large, multinucleate spore cell develops, enclosed by one or more spore walls, which can vary in thickness and structure depending on the fungal species. These spore walls provide protection and aid in dispersal.

Glomospores are known for their longevity and resilience, allowing AMF to survive unfavorable conditions such as drought or nutrient scarcity. When conditions become favorable, the glomospore germinates, releasing hyphae that can then colonize plant roots and re-establish the mycorrhizal symbiosis. This symbiosis is vital for plant nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, and for improving soil structure. The study of glomospores is important for understanding soil ecology and sustainable agriculture.