Glükosamiinoglükaanide

Glükosamiinoglükaanid, often abbreviated as GAGs, are a class of unbranched polysaccharides found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. They are composed of repeating disaccharide units, where one sugar is typically an amino sugar (either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine) and the other is a uronic acid (either glucuronic acid or iduronic acid). The presence of sulfate groups on many GAGs significantly influences their physical and biological properties.

These molecules play crucial roles in the body. They are major components of cartilage, providing structural support and cushioning joints. GAGs also contribute to the elasticity and strength of skin and other connective tissues. Their highly negative charge allows them to bind large amounts of water, forming a gel-like substance that lubricates and hydrates tissues. This property is essential for shock absorption and nutrient transport.

Examples of GAGs include hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and heparin. Hyaluronic acid is unique as it does not contain sulfated sugars and is not covalently linked to proteins. Heparin, on the other hand, is highly sulfated and plays a vital role in blood anticoagulation. Chondroitin sulfate is a major structural component of cartilage.

Due to their involvement in connective tissue structure and function, GAGs have been investigated for therapeutic applications, particularly in the management of osteoarthritis and other joint-related conditions.