Gjennom

Gjennom is a Norwegian preposition meaning through, via, or by means of. It is used to express passage in space (through a door, through a tunnel), to indicate duration or extent (throughout a period), and to convey means or channels (information transmitted through a report or via social media). Common constructions include go through something (gå/gått gjennom), read through (lese gjennom), and travel through a place (kjøre gjennom).

In spatial use, gjennom marks movement from one side to the other or across a barrier. Examples: "Han gikk gjennom døren," "Vi kjørte gjennom tunnelen," and "Hun så gjennom vinduet." In temporal or scope contexts, it describes duration or extent: "gjennom hele dagen," "gjennom hele helgen." In figurative or causal senses, it can denote by means of or via a medium: "nyheten spredte seg gjennom sosiale medier," "informasjonen ble formidlet gjennom rapporten."

Etymology: gjennom is cognate with the Danish gennem and the Swedish genom/genom, and is derived from older North Germanic roots meaning across or through. The form and usage are well established in Bokmål and Norwegian dialects.

Notes on grammar: gjennom is a preposition that governs a noun phrase, often in the definite form when the object is known (gjennom døren) or in the indefinite form (gjennom en dør). It combines with verbs of movement, inspection, and transmission, and with time expressions to convey duration.

Translations include through, across, via, and throughout. Related terms in Norwegian include the compound forms like gå gjennom (to go through) and lese gjennom (to read through).