Gestaltlögmál

Gestaltlögmál are principles that describe how humans perceive visual elements. They originated from Gestalt psychology, which emphasizes that the whole is perceived as more than the sum of its parts. These laws explain how our brains naturally organize visual information into coherent patterns and unified wholes.

One of the most well-known laws is proximity, which states that objects close to each other tend to be perceived as a group. Another is similarity, suggesting that objects with similar visual characteristics, such as shape, color, or size, are grouped together. The law of closure posits that the brain tends to complete incomplete shapes or figures, perceiving them as whole. Continuity describes the tendency to see elements arranged in a line or curve as related, preferring smooth, continuous paths over abrupt changes. The law of common fate indicates that objects moving in the same direction are perceived as belonging to the same group. Finally, the law of figure-ground describes how we perceptually separate a form (figure) from its surrounding area (ground). These principles are fundamental in design, art, and user interface development, helping to create clear and easily understandable visual communications.