Geradheitsfehler

Geradheitsfehler, also known as systematic error, refers to a type of error in measurement that causes measured values to be consistently higher or lower than the actual values. Unlike random errors, which can be minimized through repetition and averaging, systematic errors are consistent and predictable. They can arise from various sources, including instrument calibration, environmental factors, and operator bias.

Systematic errors can be further categorized into several types:

1. Zero Error: Occurs when the instrument does not read zero when it should. This can be due to improper calibration or damage to the instrument.

2. Span Error: Refers to a consistent overestimation or underestimation of the measured value. This can happen if the instrument's range is not properly set or if the instrument is damaged.

3. Parallax Error: Happens when the observer's angle of view affects the measurement. This is common in instruments like calipers or microscopes.

4. Environmental Errors: These can include temperature changes, humidity, or pressure variations that affect the measurement.

5. Operator Errors: These include mistakes made by the person taking the measurement, such as misreading a scale or incorrectly setting up the instrument.

To minimize systematic errors, it is crucial to calibrate instruments regularly, ensure proper environmental conditions, and train operators to use instruments correctly. Additionally, using multiple independent measurements and instruments can help identify and correct systematic errors. Understanding and addressing systematic errors is essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of measurements in various fields, including science, engineering, and industry.