Genotoksikologia

Genotoksikologia is the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on the genetic material of cells. This genetic material, DNA, is essential for cell function and heredity. Damage to DNA can lead to mutations, which can have various consequences, including cancer, reproductive problems, and developmental abnormalities.

The field of genotoksikologia aims to identify substances that have the potential to damage DNA and to understand the mechanisms by which this damage occurs. This knowledge is crucial for assessing the risks posed by various agents to human health and the environment. Genotoxic agents, also known as genotoxins, can originate from a wide range of sources, including industrial chemicals, pesticides, pollutants, and certain natural compounds. Some agents can directly interact with DNA, while others may cause damage indirectly through cellular processes.

To assess genotoxicity, a variety of in vitro (laboratory-based) and in vivo (in living organisms) tests are employed. These tests can detect different types of DNA damage, such as gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA strand breaks. The results from these tests help regulatory agencies to establish safety guidelines and to restrict the use of substances found to be genotoxic. Ultimately, genotoksikologia plays a vital role in public health protection by identifying and mitigating potential threats to genetic integrity.