Gefäßzugangstechnik

Gefäßzugangstechnik refers to the methods and devices used to gain access to blood vessels, primarily for medical purposes. This access is crucial for a wide range of interventions, including administering medications, drawing blood for diagnostic tests, monitoring vital signs, and performing surgical procedures.

There are two main categories of vascular access: peripheral and central. Peripheral vascular access involves inserting a catheter into a smaller vein, typically in the arm or hand. This is common for short-term therapies like intravenous fluids or antibiotics. Central vascular access, on the other hand, involves placing a catheter into a large vein, such as those in the neck, chest, or groin, leading to the heart. This type of access is used for longer-term treatments, administration of potent medications, or when peripheral access is not feasible.

Common devices used in Gefäßzugangstechnik include peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs), also known as cannulas, and central venous catheters (CVCs). CVCs can be further divided into non-tunneled, tunneled, and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). Arterial lines are another form of vascular access, used for continuous blood pressure monitoring and frequent arterial blood gas sampling.

The selection of the appropriate vascular access technique depends on various factors, including the duration of therapy, the type of medication or fluid to be administered, the patient's condition, and the potential risks and benefits. Proper insertion technique, sterile practice, and ongoing maintenance are essential to prevent complications such as infection, thrombosis, and air embolism.