Gazdaságélénkítés

Gazdaságélénkítés, often translated as economic stimulus or economic revitalization, refers to a set of deliberate policy actions undertaken by governments to boost economic activity and overcome periods of recession or slow growth. These measures are typically implemented when key economic indicators, such as unemployment rates, consumer spending, and industrial production, show a sustained decline.

The primary goal of gazdaságélénkítés is to increase aggregate demand, encourage investment, and create jobs. Governments employ a variety of tools to achieve this. Fiscal policy measures can include increased government spending on infrastructure projects, public services, or direct payments to citizens. Tax cuts, both for individuals and corporations, are another common fiscal tool, aiming to leave more disposable income for spending and investment.

Monetary policy can also play a significant role. Central banks may lower interest rates, making borrowing cheaper and thus encouraging businesses to invest and consumers to spend. They might also implement quantitative easing, injecting liquidity into the financial system.

The effectiveness and appropriateness of different gazdaságélénkítés measures are often debated among economists. Potential drawbacks include the risk of increased national debt, inflation, and inefficient allocation of resources if policies are poorly designed or implemented. The specific context of the economic downturn and the country's fiscal situation heavily influence the choice and impact of these policies.