Garcinol

Garcinol is a natural polyisoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Garcinia species, most notably Garcinia cambogia, where it occurs in the rind of the fruit. It belongs to a class of prenylated benzophenones that contribute to the plant’s bioactivity. Chemically, garcinol features a benzophenone core with multiple lipophilic isoprenyl side chains and several hydroxyl groups, which together contribute to antioxidant properties.

Garcinol has been studied primarily in vitro and in animal models. Reported activities include antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory actions, and potential anticancer activity. Mechanistic studies suggest garcinol can modulate signaling pathways such as NF-kB and AP-1 and can inhibit histone acetyltransferases such as p300/CBP, leading to altered gene expression. It has also shown some antimicrobial activity in laboratory assays.

Occurrence and use: In Garcinia cambogia and related species, garcinol coexists with other secondary metabolites, including hydroxycitric acid. Extracts containing garcinol are of research interest but are not approved as medicines. In dietary supplement contexts, garcinol-containing preparations are sometimes discussed alongside hydroxycitric acid, though regulatory status varies by region.

Safety and research status: Human clinical data are limited. The safety profile of garcinol-containing preparations is not well established, and some Garcinia extracts have been associated with hepatotoxicity in rare cases. Potential drug interactions and long-term effects require further study.