Gammasäteilyjen

Gammasäteilyjen, also known as gamma radiation, refers to high-energy electromagnetic radiation. It is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, lying beyond X-rays and ultraviolet light in terms of frequency and energy. Gamma rays are produced by the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. When an atomic nucleus is in an excited state, it can release excess energy in the form of a gamma photon. This process does not change the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus, meaning the element remains the same.

Gamma radiation is highly penetrating, capable of passing through significant thicknesses of matter. Its ionizing nature means it can strip electrons from atoms, potentially causing damage to biological tissues. This property is utilized in medical applications such as radiotherapy for cancer treatment, where focused gamma rays are used to destroy cancerous cells. However, due to its potential for harm, exposure to gamma radiation must be carefully controlled and shielded. Common shielding materials include lead and concrete. Sources of gamma radiation include naturally occurring radioactive isotopes, nuclear reactors, and cosmic events like supernovae.