Galvanostatische

Galvanostatische refers to a mode of operation in electrochemistry in which the current is held constant by a galvanostat. In this mode, the electrode potential adjusts automatically as needed to maintain the set current, as opposed to potentiostatic control where the potential is fixed and the current varies.

The technique uses a galvanostat to regulate current flowing between a working electrode and a counter electrode in an electrochemical cell. The applied current is typically chosen to suit the process, such as electrodeposition, electroplating, electrolysis, or battery testing. During a galvanostatic run, the potential of the working electrode is recorded over time to observe how it changes in response to the fixed current.

Applications of galvanostatic control are widespread. In electrodeposition and electroplating, a constant current helps produce uniform metal films and coatings. In battery research and testing, constant-current charging or discharging provides standardized rate information (for example, C-rates) and reveals how the cell responds under load. Other uses include electrorefining, electrowinning, and corrosion studies where controlled current helps evaluate material behavior and corrosion rates.

Data interpretation often relies on related techniques such as chronopotentiometry, where the potential is recorded under a fixed current to study kinetics and diffusion effects. Under constant current, the electrode potential can drift due to concentration polarization and mass transport limitations, providing insight into reaction mechanisms and transport properties. Practical considerations include avoiding excessive overpotential that triggers side reactions and ensuring adequate stirring and diffusion conditions for uniform processes.