Gaasabsorptsiooni

Gaasabsorptsiooni, also known as gas absorption, is a mass transfer process where a component from a gas phase is transferred into a liquid phase. This is a fundamental operation in chemical engineering and is widely used in various industrial applications for separation, purification, and reaction. The driving force for absorption is the difference in partial pressure of the absorbing component in the gas phase and its equilibrium partial pressure in the liquid phase.

The selection of an appropriate absorbent liquid is crucial for efficient gas absorption. The liquid should have a high solubility for the target gas component, be non-volatile to minimize losses, and be chemically stable under operating conditions. Common examples of absorption processes include the removal of carbon dioxide from natural gas using amine solutions, the absorption of sulfur dioxide from flue gases in power plants, and the purification of ammonia from industrial waste streams.

The design of absorption equipment, such as packed towers or tray towers, aims to maximize the interfacial area between the gas and liquid phases to enhance the mass transfer rate. Factors influencing the efficiency of gas absorption include the operating temperature and pressure, the flow rates of the gas and liquid, and the physical properties of the components involved. Understanding and optimizing these parameters are key to achieving desired separation or purification objectives in industrial settings.