GZMK

GZMK, also known as Granzyme K, is a member of the granzyme family of serine proteases, which are found in the cytotoxic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. These cells play a crucial role in the immune system by targeting and eliminating infected or malignant cells. Granzymes are released by CTLs and NK cells during the immune response to initiate apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in the targeted cells.

GZMK is encoded by the GZMK gene in humans, which is located on chromosome 5. The protein itself is synthesized as a pre-proenzyme and undergoes processing to become an active serine protease. The exact role of GZMK in the immune response is still being investigated, but it is believed to contribute to the induction of apoptosis in target cells, similar to other granzymes.

Research has shown that GZMK is expressed in various tissues and cell types, including CTLs, NK cells, and some non-immune cells. Its expression can be upregulated in response to certain stimuli, such as cytokines or during immune activation. The specific substrates and molecular mechanisms through which GZMK exerts its effects are not yet fully understood, but studies suggest that it may have unique functions compared to other granzymes.

Abnormal expression or regulation of GZMK has been implicated in several diseases, including autoimmune disorders and certain types of cancer. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise role of GZMK in these conditions and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target. Overall, GZMK is a fascinating component of the immune system with important implications for health and disease.