GOI

Government of India (GOI) refers to the central authority that governs the union of states and union territories within the Republic of India. Formed by the Constitution of India, effective from 26 January 1950, the GOI operates under a federal parliamentary system in which the executive is drawn from and accountable to the legislature. The President of India is the ceremonial head of state, while the real executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, who are collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

The Parliament of India consists of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). Members of the Lok Sabha are elected, and the party or coalition with a majority forms the government. The President appoints the Prime Minister and, on advice, the Council of Ministers. The GOI's primary functions include national defense, foreign policy, taxation, communications, internal security, and the execution of welfare and development programs.

The central administration is organized into ministries and departments. The GOI works with state governments through constitutional mechanisms, sharing powers on the Union List and Concurrent List, and coordinating policy via intergovernmental bodies. The judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court, interprets the Constitution and settles disputes involving the GOI and states.

Elections are administered by the Election Commission. The GOI's powers are checked by constitutional limits, judicial review, and parliamentary accountability, with budgetary oversight by Parliament.