GLUTtransporteri

GLUTtransporteri, often abbreviated as GLUT, refers to a family of facilitative glucose transporters found in cell membranes. These integral membrane proteins are crucial for the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane of cells, a process essential for cellular energy production. The GLUT family comprises multiple distinct members, each with a different tissue distribution and kinetic properties, meaning they transport glucose at varying rates and affinities.

The first identified member, GLUT1, is widely distributed and plays a vital role in providing basal glucose uptake for most cells, particularly erythrocytes and the brain. GLUT2 is predominantly found in the liver, pancreatic beta cells, and intestinal epithelium, and it is characterized by a low affinity for glucose, allowing it to function as a glucose sensor. GLUT3 is the primary glucose transporter in neurons, exhibiting a high affinity for glucose to ensure adequate energy supply even at low blood glucose levels. GLUT4 is insulin-dependent and is mainly expressed in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, playing a key role in regulating blood glucose homeostasis by increasing glucose uptake in response to insulin. Other members, such as GLUT5 and GLUT7, are specialized for fructose transport, while GLUT6 and GLUT8 have more specific roles. The functionality of GLUT transporters is critical for maintaining cellular metabolism and overall physiological balance.