GABAAreseptoreiden

GABAA receptors are a class of ionotropic receptors that are the primary targets for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). These receptors are pentameric proteins composed of five subunits, each of which is a ligand-gated ion channel. The most common subunit is the alpha subunit, which has multiple isoforms (alpha1 to alpha6). The beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, theta, and pi subunits also contribute to the receptor's structure and function.

GABAA receptors are widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, where they mediate inhibitory neurotransmission. Activation of these receptors by GABA leads to an influx of chloride ions, hyperpolarizing the membrane and reducing neuronal excitability. This inhibitory effect is crucial for various physiological processes, including regulation of sleep, anxiety, and muscle tone.

GABAA receptors are also targets for several clinically important drugs, such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates, which enhance GABA's inhibitory effects by binding to specific sites on the receptor complex. These drugs are used to treat conditions such as anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures.

Mutations in the genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits have been associated with several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, autism, and intellectual disability. Understanding the structure and function of GABAA receptors is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies for these conditions.