Fällningkoagulering

Fällningkoagulering, often translated as precipitation coagulation, is a process used in water treatment and industrial applications to remove suspended solids and dissolved organic matter. It involves two distinct but often sequential steps: coagulation and flocculation.

Coagulation is the initial stage where destabilization of suspended particles occurs. This is typically achieved by adding chemical coagulants, such as aluminum sulfate (alum) or ferric chloride, to the water. These chemicals neutralize the negative charges on the surface of the suspended particles, allowing them to approach each other.

Following coagulation, the process of flocculation takes place. This stage involves gentle mixing of the water, which encourages the destabilized particles to collide and aggregate, forming larger, heavier clumps called flocs. The flocs are more easily removed from the water through subsequent sedimentation or filtration processes.

Fällningkoagulering is widely employed to clarify raw water before it is distributed for drinking, to treat wastewater before discharge, and in various industrial processes where the removal of impurities is essential. The efficiency of the process depends on factors such as the type and dosage of coagulant, pH, temperature, and mixing intensity.