Fázisátmenetek

Fázisátmenetek refer to the physical processes that occur when a substance changes from one state of matter to another. These transformations are driven by changes in temperature and pressure. The most common examples include melting, freezing, boiling, condensation, sublimation, and deposition.

Melting is the transition from solid to liquid, occurring at a specific temperature known as the melting point. For example, ice melts into water at 0 degrees Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure. Freezing is the reverse process, where a liquid turns into a solid. Boiling is the transition from liquid to gas, happening at the boiling point. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at standard pressure. Condensation is the opposite of boiling, where a gas changes into a liquid. Sublimation is the direct transition from solid to gas, bypassing the liquid phase, as seen with dry ice (solid carbon dioxide). Deposition is the reverse of sublimation, where a gas transforms directly into a solid.

These phase transitions are characterized by latent heat, which is the energy absorbed or released during the change of state without a change in temperature. For instance, latent heat of fusion is required to melt a solid, and latent heat of vaporization is needed to boil a liquid. Understanding fázisátmenetek is crucial in many scientific and engineering fields, from meteorology to materials science.