Fundoskopia

Fundoskopia, also known as fundus examination or ophthalmoscopy, is a medical procedure used to examine the interior of the eye, specifically the fundus. The fundus includes the retina, optic disc, macula, and blood vessels. This examination is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring a wide range of eye conditions and systemic diseases that can affect the eyes.

The procedure is typically performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. There are two main types of ophthalmoscopes: direct and indirect. A direct ophthalmoscope provides a magnified, upright image of a small area of the fundus, while an indirect ophthalmoscope offers a wider field of view and a less magnified, inverted image. In some cases, dilation of the pupils with eye drops may be necessary to achieve a better view of the fundus. This dilation temporarily widens the pupil, allowing more light to enter the eye and providing a clearer, more comprehensive examination.

Fundus examination is an essential part of a routine eye exam and is vital for detecting conditions such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy, and optic nerve disorders. It can also help identify signs of neurological conditions like increased intracranial pressure or tumors. The findings from a fundus exam can provide valuable insights into a patient's overall health.