Fruchtwasserüberfluss

Fruchtwasserüberfluss, also known as polyhydramnios, is a condition where there is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus during pregnancy. Amniotic fluid plays a crucial role in fetal development by protecting the baby from injury, regulating temperature, and allowing for movement. A normal pregnancy typically has a volume of amniotic fluid ranging from 500 to 1000 milliliters at term. Fruchtwasserüberfluss is generally diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) exceeds 2000 milliliters or when the deepest vertical pocket of fluid measures more than 8 centimeters.

The causes of fruchtwasserüberfluss can be varied and are not always identifiable. In some cases, it can be linked to maternal conditions such as gestational diabetes, which can lead to a larger fetus and increased fluid production. Fetal abnormalities are another significant cause, including gastrointestinal issues that prevent the fetus from swallowing fluid properly, or central nervous system defects affecting swallowing reflexes. Multiple pregnancies or Rh incompatibility can also contribute.

Symptoms of fruchtwasserüberfluss can include a rapidly growing uterus, abdominal discomfort or pain, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs and feet. However, mild cases may present no noticeable symptoms. Diagnosis is typically made through ultrasound scans that measure the amniotic fluid volume.

Management of fruchtwasserüberfluss depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Close monitoring of the pregnancy is essential. In severe cases or when complications arise, interventions such as amnioreduction (draining excess fluid) or medication to reduce fluid production may be considered. Premature birth is a potential complication, and delivery may be induced if necessary to manage risks.