Freiburg

Freiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located on the Dreisam river at the edge of the Black Forest, near the borders with France and Switzerland. It is known as a university town and for its well-preserved historic center. The city has a population of roughly 230,000 people.

Founded in the early 12th century as a market town by Duke Konrad of Zähringen, Freiburg grew into a Free Imperial City in the late Middle Ages and remained so until its mediatisation to Baden in 1806. The historic center features the Freiburg Minster, a Gothic cathedral with a prominent tower, and the medieval gates Schwabentor and Martinstor, as well as the Town Hall. The city’s layout and architectural heritage reflect centuries of development around its market square and church.

The University of Freiburg, established in 1457, is one of Germany’s oldest universities and a major center for research across disciplines such as science, medicine, and the humanities. The city hosts multiple research institutes and a strong high-tech and services sector. Freiburg is also recognized for its sustainability initiatives, including the Vauban district, extensive cycling infrastructure, and urban planning aimed at reducing energy use and promoting renewable sources.

Geography and climate contribute to its character: Schlossberg hill offers city views, and proximity to the Black Forest provides accessible nature. The economy relies on education, research, services, and tourism, with residents and visitors drawn to the historic core, cultural offerings, and surrounding landscapes.