Fotovoltaický

Fotovoltaický (photovoltaic) refers to the direct conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. This effect occurs when photons, or particles of light, knock electrons free from atoms in the semiconductor material, generating an electric current. The photovoltaic effect was first observed by Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel in 1839, and it has since been the foundation of modern solar technology.

Photovoltaic systems are typically composed of solar cells, which are made from materials such as silicon, cadmium telluride, or copper indium gallium selenide. These cells are often arranged in modules, which can then be combined into larger arrays to generate significant amounts of electricity. Photovoltaic systems can be used in a variety of applications, from small-scale residential installations to large-scale utility-scale power plants.

One of the primary advantages of photovoltaic technology is its ability to generate electricity without producing greenhouse gases or other pollutants. This makes it a clean and sustainable source of energy, which is increasingly important in the context of global efforts to combat climate change. Additionally, photovoltaic systems can be installed in a wide range of locations, including rooftops, open fields, and even floating on bodies of water.

However, photovoltaic technology also faces challenges, including the high upfront cost of installation and the variability of solar energy production due to factors such as weather conditions and time of day. Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on improving the efficiency, reducing costs, and enhancing the durability of photovoltaic systems to overcome these challenges and further advance the technology.