Fotoreceptortípus

Fotoreceptortípus refers to the different types of photoreceptor cells found in the eyes of animals, responsible for converting light into electrical signals that the brain interprets as vision. The two primary types of photoreceptors in vertebrates are rods and cones.

Rods are highly sensitive to light and are primarily responsible for vision in low-light conditions, such as at dawn and dusk, and for peripheral vision. They contain a photopigment called rhodopsin. Rods do not differentiate colors, so vision in dim light is typically monochromatic.

Cones are less sensitive to light than rods and are responsible for color vision and sharp detail, particularly in bright light conditions. Humans have three types of cones, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light, corresponding roughly to red, green, and blue. The photopigments within cones are called photopsins. The distribution and density of rods and cones vary across the retina, with cones being most concentrated in the fovea, the area of sharpest vision.

In some animals, particularly nocturnal ones, rods may be more numerous or specialized for enhanced night vision. In certain species, like birds and reptiles, there can be additional types of cones, such as those sensitive to ultraviolet light, which expands their visible spectrum. The precise structure and function of fotoreceptortípus are crucial for an organism's ability to perceive its environment and navigate.