Fotokemilisi

Fotokemilisi, also known as photochemical smog, is a type of air pollution that is primarily caused by the reaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by vehicles and industrial processes. This reaction leads to the formation of ground-level ozone, which is a major component of photochemical smog. The term "fotokemilisi" is derived from the Greek words "fotos" meaning light, and "kemilisi" meaning chemical reaction.

Photochemical smog is characterized by its yellow-brown haze and high levels of ozone. It typically occurs in urban areas with high levels of traffic and industrial activity, and is most pronounced during the summer months when sunlight is abundant. The primary sources of nitrogen oxides and VOCs include vehicle emissions, particularly from gasoline-powered vehicles, and industrial processes such as solvent use and chemical manufacturing.

The formation of photochemical smog is a complex process that involves several chemical reactions. Nitrogen oxides, primarily nitrogen dioxide (NO2), react with VOCs in the presence of sunlight to form ozone (O3). This process is accelerated by heat, which can increase the rate of chemical reactions. Other pollutants, such as particulate matter and carbon monoxide, can also be present in photochemical smog.

Photochemical smog has significant health and environmental impacts. High levels of ozone can cause respiratory problems, including asthma and bronchitis, and can also damage plants and materials. It can also contribute to the formation of acid rain, which can harm ecosystems and infrastructure. To mitigate the effects of photochemical smog, efforts are often focused on reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides and VOCs, such as through the use of catalytic converters in vehicles and the implementation of stricter emission standards for industrial processes.